Abstract: Radiation-induced male reproductive injury is a complication of pelvic tumor radiotherapy,which can also occur in nuclear and radiation accidents. It mainly manifests as damage to the structure and function of reproductive organs, and in severe cases, can lead to lifetime infertility. Traditional antiradiation drugs face limitations in practical application owing to their narrow treatment windows and significant side effects. In contrast,biologics are gradually gaining attention for radiation injury protection due to their high specificity and relatively minimal side effects.This article reviews the molecular mechanisms of radiation-induced male reproductive injury, the protective mechanisms of biotechnological drugs, and the research progress of related cutting-edge drugs, aiming to provide new ideas for the protection of radiation-induced male reproductive system injury.