A survey of uncertainty visualization techniques for ensemble data

Uncertainty is inevitably present in all stages of the simulation process, and significantly impacting the interpretation of physical and natural phenomena behind simulations. Ensemble data play a vital role in reflecting the uncertainty in simulations, and visualization techniques for ensemble data are crucial tools for conveying it effectively. They are currently a hot and challenging topic in research across various fields. However, existing ensemble visualization methods usually focus on designing visual encodings tailored to data characteristics, while neglecting the accuracy and efficiency of users' interpretation of visual encodings. From this perspective, this survey provides a detailed discussion and analytical review of current visualization techniques and associated evaluation methods, aiming to provide valuable guiances for future research in this field.